Cardiolipin
A unique phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for electron transport chain function.
Cardiolipin is a four-tail phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane (and bacterial cell membranes — reflecting mitochondria's bacterial origin). It's structurally essential for inner-membrane curvature, cristae formation, and the assembly of electron transport chain complexes I, III, IV, and V. Cardiolipin damage by reactive oxygen species disrupts ETC assembly, accelerating mitochondrial dysfunction. SS-31 (elamipretide) selectively binds cardiolipin and stabilises the inner-membrane structure under stress — the mechanistic basis of mitochondrial-research peptide development.
- ResearchMOTS-c 40 mg
MOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region. Described by the Cohen lab in 2015 — studied in metabolic and exercise bi
- ResearchNAD⁺ 500 mg kit
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — the coenzyme central to cellular electron-transfer, sirtuin signalling, and redox biology.
- ResearchNAD⁺ 1000 mg pen
High-dose pen format NAD⁺ — double the 500 mg vial kit, in a pre-filled pen device.
- GlossaryGLP-1
Glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone that regulates glucose and appetite.
- GlossaryGIP
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, an incretin hormone with metabolic and adipose effects.